{"id":9161,"date":"2023-12-31T21:14:15","date_gmt":"2023-12-31T21:14:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/blog\/2023\/12\/31\/tromboza-preco-je-taka-nebezpecna\/"},"modified":"2023-12-31T21:14:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-31T21:14:15","slug":"tromboza-preco-je-taka-nebezpecna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/blog\/2023\/12\/31\/tromboza-preco-je-taka-nebezpecna\/","title":{"rendered":"Tromb\u00f3za \u2013 pre\u010do je tak\u00e1 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"


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Pod\u013ea \u0161tatist\u00edk je tromb\u00f3za tret\u00edm naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm kardiovaskul\u00e1rnym ochoren\u00edm. Predch\u00e1dza mu len infarkt a mozgov\u00e1 pr\u00edhoda. Bohu\u017eia\u013e, ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed ignoruje jeho prv\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky. Medzit\u00fdm je hyperkoagulabilita, o ktorej tu hovor\u00edme, mimoriadne z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee dokonca vies\u0165 k smrti.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u010co je trombotick\u00e9 ochorenie?<\/b><\/p>\n

Krvn\u00e9 zrazeniny sa tvoria v tele \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd trp\u00ed \u017eilovou tromb\u00f3zou, \u010di\u017ee \u017eilovou tromboemb\u00f3liou. Zu\u017euj\u00fa l\u00famen krvn\u00fdch ciev a br\u00e1nia spr\u00e1vnemu prietoku krvi. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina zrazen\u00edn, a\u017e 90 %, sa vyskytuje v hlbok\u00fdch \u017eil\u00e1ch doln\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn, teda v noh\u00e1ch. Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 zrazen\u00edn sp\u00f4sobuje celkom charakteristick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky: boles\u0165, opuch a za\u010dervenanie kon\u010dat\u00edn a pocit tzv. \u201e\u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 nohy\u201c. Detekcia tak\u00fdchto ochoren\u00ed u pacienta je niekedy nevyhnutn\u00fdm predpokladom na stanovenie predbe\u017enej diagn\u00f3zy, ktor\u00fa potvrdzuj\u00fa \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 testy vr\u00e1tane: ultrazvukov\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Zrazenina, najm\u00e4 nov\u00e1, sa m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e odlomi\u0165 a dosta\u0165 sa cez krvn\u00fd obeh do p\u013e\u00facnych ciev, \u010do sp\u00f4sob\u00ed \u017eivot ohrozuj\u00facu emb\u00f3liu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Faktory zvy\u0161uj\u00face riziko tromb\u00f3zy <\/b><\/p>\n

Faktorom, ktor\u00fd podporuje tvorbu krvn\u00fdch zrazen\u00edn, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 r\u00f4zne druhy poranen\u00ed, ako je \u00fader alebo rezn\u00e1 rana. Treba v\u0161ak pam\u00e4ta\u0165 na to, \u017ee samotn\u00fd mechanizmus zr\u00e1\u017eania krvi je \u00faplne prirodzen\u00fd. Chr\u00e1ni pred nadmernou stratou krvi v pr\u00edpade naru\u0161enia ciev. Niekedy sa v\u0161ak nie\u010do pokaz\u00ed a proces opravy po\u0161kodenej cievy namiesto zastavenia pokra\u010duje. <\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd je aj vek pacienta. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee po 40. roku \u017eivota sa riziko vzniku hlbokej \u017eilovej tromb\u00f3zy dramaticky zvy\u0161uje. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Bohu\u017eia\u013e, hyperkoagulabilita m\u00e1 tendenciu sa vraca\u0165. Preto by mali by\u0165 \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed to v minulosti rie\u0161ili, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ostra\u017eit\u00ed. \u0160anca, \u017ee choroba za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed znova, je ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161ia ako t\u00e1, \u017ee sa vyskytne prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby krv mohla vo\u013ene pr\u00fadi\u0165 v \u017eil\u00e1ch, vy\u017eaduje si to svalov\u00fa pr\u00e1cu. Dlhodob\u00e1 imobiliz\u00e1cia, napr\u00edklad sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 chirurgick\u00fdm z\u00e1krokom, paral\u00fdzou alebo aj dlhotrvaj\u00facim \u0161of\u00e9rovan\u00edm, podporuje stagn\u00e1ciu krvi a t\u00fdm tvorbu zrazen\u00edn. \u0160portovanie m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dloveka ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred vznikom tromb\u00f3zy. Na to by mali pam\u00e4ta\u0165 v\u0161etci \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed sa vyh\u00fdbaj\u00fa pohybu a fyzickej aktivite. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm faktorom spojen\u00fdm s nedostatkom pohybu, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 tromb\u00f3zu, je obezita. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u017eena, ktor\u00e1 u\u017e\u00edva alebo bude u\u017e\u00edva\u0165 peror\u00e1lnu antikoncepciu, by si mala uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 aj tromb\u00f3zu, no riziko je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie v prvom obdob\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvania tabletiek a potom kles\u00e1. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko trombotick\u00e9ho ochorenia bude v\u00fdsledkom vysok\u00e9ho obsahu estrog\u00e9nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Niektor\u00ed \u013eudia maj\u00fa tie\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd sklon k tvorbe krvn\u00fdch zrazen\u00edn. Tento stav sa naz\u00fdva trombof\u00edlia. M\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vroden\u00e1 alebo z\u00edskan\u00e1. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tromb\u00f3za a genetick\u00e9 faktory<\/b><\/p>\n

Pr\u00ed\u010dinou vrodenej tromb\u00f3zy, ako ka\u017ed\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho ochorenia, bude pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 zmeny DNA. Takouto zmenou m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 mut\u00e1cia protromb\u00ednov\u00e9ho g\u00e9nu, teda faktora zr\u00e1\u017eania krvi II, alebo mut\u00e1cia faktora V. Ako pacient zist\u00ed, \u010di je nosi\u010dom? Vykonan\u00edm jednoduch\u00e9ho a \u013eahko dostupn\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho testu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ak\u00e1 je lie\u010dba trombotick\u00e9ho ochorenia?<\/span><\/p>\n

Niekedy s\u00fa pacienti s hlbokou \u017eilovou tromb\u00f3zou odk\u00e1zan\u00ed na oper\u00e1ciu na odstr\u00e1nenie u\u017e vytvoren\u00fdch zrazen\u00edn. Lie\u010dba sa v\u0161ak v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou obmedzuje na pod\u00e1vanie antikoagulanci\u00ed, teda liekov, ktor\u00e9 pacientovi riedia krv. Tak\u00e1to lie\u010dba zvy\u010dajne trv\u00e1 nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov a\u017e nieko\u013eko mesiacov, ale d\u00e1va \u0161ancu na \u00fapln\u00e9 uzdravenie. Pokia\u013e choroba nie je vroden\u00e1 a nie z\u00edskan\u00e1. Pri vrodenej tromb\u00f3ze sa daj\u00fa zmierni\u0165 len prejavy ochorenia, no ned\u00e1 sa odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 jeho pr\u00ed\u010dina, teda genetick\u00e1 mut\u00e1cia.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pod\u013ea \u0161tatist\u00edk je tromb\u00f3za tret\u00edm naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm kardiovaskul\u00e1rnym ochoren\u00edm. Predch\u00e1dza mu len infarkt a mozgov\u00e1 pr\u00edhoda. Bohu\u017eia\u013e, ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed ignoruje jeho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7157,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[420],"class_list":["post-9161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-calivita","tag-tromboza"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9161"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9161\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}