{"id":9960,"date":"2024-01-04T19:37:47","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T19:37:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/blog\/2024\/01\/04\/tromboza-proc-je-tak-nebezpecna\/"},"modified":"2024-01-04T19:37:47","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T19:37:47","slug":"tromboza-proc-je-tak-nebezpecna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/blog\/2024\/01\/04\/tromboza-proc-je-tak-nebezpecna\/","title":{"rendered":"Tromb\u00f3za \u2013 pro\u010d je tak nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"


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Podle statistik je tromb\u00f3za t\u0159et\u00edm nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm. P\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed mu pouze infarkt a mozkov\u00e1 mrtvice. Bohu\u017eel mnoho lid\u00ed ignoruje jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky. Mezit\u00edm je hyperkoagulabilita, o kter\u00e9 zde mluv\u00edme, extr\u00e9mn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st i ke smrti.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Co je trombotick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed?<\/b><\/p>\n

Krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeniny se tvo\u0159\u00ed v t\u011ble \u010dlov\u011bka trp\u00edc\u00edho \u017eiln\u00ed tromb\u00f3zou neboli \u017eiln\u00ed tromboemboli\u00ed. Zu\u017euj\u00ed lumen krevn\u00edch c\u00e9v a br\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu pr\u016ftoku krve. Nejv\u00edce sra\u017eenin, cel\u00fdch 90 %, se vyskytuje v hlubok\u00fdch \u017eil\u00e1ch doln\u00edch kon\u010detin, tedy v noh\u00e1ch. P\u0159\u00edtomnost sra\u017eenin zp\u016fsobuje zcela charakteristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky: bolest, otoky a zarudnut\u00ed kon\u010detin a pocit tzv. \u201et\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 nohy\u201c. Detekce takov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u pacienta je n\u011bkdy nezbytn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem pro stanoven\u00ed p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy, kter\u00e1 je potvrzena specializovan\u00fdmi testy, v\u010detn\u011b: ultrazvukov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Sra\u017eenina, zejm\u00e9na nov\u00e1, se tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee odlomit a dostat se krevn\u00edm \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011bm do plicn\u00edch c\u00e9v a zp\u016fsobit \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed embolii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Faktory zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed riziko tromb\u00f3zy <\/b><\/p>\n

Faktorem, kter\u00fd podporuje tvorbu krevn\u00edch sra\u017eenin, mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy zran\u011bn\u00ed, jako je r\u00e1na nebo \u0159ezn\u00e9 r\u00e1ny. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee samotn\u00fd mechanismus sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed krve je zcela p\u0159irozen\u00fd. Chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed nadm\u011brnou ztr\u00e1tou krve v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b naru\u0161en\u00ed c\u00e9v. Ob\u010das se ale n\u011bco pokaz\u00ed a proces opravy po\u0161kozen\u00e9 n\u00e1doby m\u00edsto zastaven\u00ed pokra\u010duje. <\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je tak\u00e9 v\u011bk pacienta. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee po 40. roce \u017eivota se riziko rozvoje hlubok\u00e9 \u017eiln\u00ed tromb\u00f3zy dramaticky zvy\u0161uje. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Bohu\u017eel hyperkoagulabilita m\u00e1 tendenci se vracet. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se j\u00edm v minulosti zab\u00fdvali, by proto m\u011bli b\u00fdt obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ostra\u017eit\u00ed. \u0160ance, \u017ee nemoc znovu za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed, je mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e \u017ee se objev\u00ed poprv\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby krev mohla voln\u011b proudit v \u017eil\u00e1ch, vy\u017eaduje to svalovou pr\u00e1ci. Dlouhodob\u00e1 imobilizace, nap\u0159. zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 operac\u00ed, ochrnut\u00edm nebo i dlouhodobou j\u00edzdou, podporuje st\u00e1zu krve a t\u00edm tvorbu sra\u017eenin. Sportov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u010dlov\u011bka ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed vznikem tromb\u00f3zy. Na to by m\u011bli pamatovat v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed pohybu a fyzick\u00e9 aktivit\u011b. Dal\u0161\u00edm faktorem spojen\u00fdm s nedostatkem pohybu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit tromb\u00f3zu, je obezita. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u017eena, kter\u00e1 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nebo bude u\u017e\u00edvat peror\u00e1ln\u00ed antikoncepci, by si m\u011bla uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit i tromb\u00f3zu, ale riziko je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v prvn\u00edm obdob\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pilulek a pot\u00e9 kles\u00e1. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko trombotick\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed bude d\u016fsledkem vysok\u00e9ho obsahu estrogenu.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd sklon k tvorb\u011b krevn\u00edch sra\u017eenin. Tento stav se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 trombofilie. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vrozen\u00e1 nebo z\u00edskan\u00e1. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tromb\u00f3za a genetick\u00e9 faktory<\/b><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vrozen\u00e9 tromb\u00f3zy, jako ka\u017ed\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 choroby, bude p\u0159\u00edtomnost zm\u011bny DNA. Takovou zm\u011bnou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mutace protrombinov\u00e9ho genu, tedy krevn\u00edho koagula\u010dn\u00edho faktoru II, nebo mutace faktoru V. Jak pacient zjist\u00ed, zda je p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010dem? Proveden\u00edm jednoduch\u00e9ho a snadno dostupn\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho testu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e1 je l\u00e9\u010dba trombotick\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy jsou pacienti s hlubokou \u017eiln\u00ed tromb\u00f3zou doporu\u010deni k operaci k odstran\u011bn\u00ed ji\u017e vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch sra\u017eenin. L\u00e9\u010dba se v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161inou omezuje na pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed antikoagulanci\u00ed, tedy l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 pacientovi \u0159ed\u00ed krev. Takov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba obvykle trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f a\u017e n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, ale d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161anci na \u00fapln\u00e9 uzdraven\u00ed. Pokud nemoc nen\u00ed vrozen\u00e1 a nez\u00edskan\u00e1. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vrozen\u00e9 tromb\u00f3zy lze zm\u00edrnit pouze p\u0159\u00edznaky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, nelze v\u0161ak odstranit jeho p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, tedy genetickou mutaci.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Podle statistik je tromb\u00f3za t\u0159et\u00edm nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm. P\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed mu pouze infarkt a mozkov\u00e1 mrtvice. Bohu\u017eel mnoho lid\u00ed ignoruje jej\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7157,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[464],"class_list":["post-9960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-calivita","tag-tromboza"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9960"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9960\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitashop.info\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}